IUI

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment that involves the direct placement of processed sperm into a woman’s uterus during her ovulation period to facilitate fertilization. This procedure is less invasive and more affordable compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF), making it a first-line treatment for many infertility cases. The IUI process begins with ovarian stimulation, where fertility medications such as clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins are administered to promote the development of multiple mature follicles. Ovulation is monitored using ultrasound imaging and hormonal testing. Once ovulation is imminent, the sperm sample—collected from the male partner or a donor—is washed and processed to remove seminal fluid, debris, and immotile sperm, leaving only the most motile and morphologically normal sperm. The prepared sperm is then inserted into the uterus using a thin, flexible catheter during the ovulation window, usually 24 to 36 hours after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge or an hCG trigger injection. The goal of this technique is to increase the concentration of motile sperm near the fallopian tubes, enhancing the chance of fertilization. IUI is indicated for various conditions, including mild male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, cervical mucus hostility, and ejaculatory dysfunction. It is also suitable for single women and same-sex female couples using donor sperm. The procedure is relatively painless and takes only a few minutes, requiring no anesthesia or surgical intervention. The success rate of IUI depends on several factors, such as the woman’s age, ovarian reserve, sperm quality, and the underlying cause of infertility. On average, success rates range from 10–20% per cycle. Repeated cycles may increase the overall probability of conception. Potential risks of IUI include multiple pregnancies (especially when fertility drugs are used) and mild ovarian hyperstimulation. However, the procedure is generally safe, cost-effective, and well-tolerated. After insemination, patients may resume normal activities, with pregnancy testing conducted about two weeks later. In summary, IUI serves as a practical, low-risk fertility intervention that enhances the natural fertilization process by bringing sperm closer to the egg. It bridges the gap between timed intercourse and advanced reproductive technologies like IVF.